Tutorial for SQL - SQL Syntax

Tutorial for SQL will teach about SQL Syntax is the first thing you need to learn before jumping to SQL commands. Below are the list of SQL Syntax. This will serve as your reference to any SQL Query you'll run. Please Bookmark this page (Ctrl + D) to your browser for quick reference as a SQL documentation.

There are two (2) types of SQL Statements:

1. Data Manipulation Statements
   
   • CREATE DATABASE Syntax
   • CREATE INDEX Syntax
   • CREATE TABLE Syntax
   • ALTER DATABASE Syntax
   • ALTER TABLE Syntax
   • RENAME DATABASE Syntax
   • RENAME TABLE Syntax
   • DROP DATABASE Syntax
   • DROP INDEX Syntax
   • DROP TABLE Syntax
   
   
   
   
2. Data Definition Statements
   
   • INSERT Syntax
   • SELECT Syntax
   • UPDATE Syntax
   • TRUNCATE Syntax
   • DELETE Syntax
   
   

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1.1 CREATE DATABASE Syntax. This will create a database.

CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name
    [create_specification [, create_specification] ...]

create_specification:
    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET charset_name
  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE collation_name

Examples:

• CREATE DATABASE `students`; // Creates a database
• CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `students`; // Creates a database if database name doesn't exist

2.2 SELECT Syntax

SELECT
[ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]
[HIGH_PRIORITY]
[STRAIGHT_JOIN]
[SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT]
[SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]
select_expr, ...
[FROM table_references
[WHERE where_condition]
[GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}
[ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]
[HAVING where_condition]
[ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}
[ASC | DESC], ...]
[LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]
[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]
[INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options
| INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name']
[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]